After tracking physical characteristics of the common pea plant through multiple generations, Gregor Mendel realized that inheritance follows specific patterns. Mendel’s discovery led to what we now ...

The little four-square grid we drew in school while learning about genetic crossing has a name: the Punnett Square. These squares are a way to predict the possible genetic outcomes of the offspring ...

Through a combination of observation and mathematical estimation, scientists can evaluate the amount of genetic variation in different populations. Upon doing so, they can then analyze differences in ...