When conducting surveys, two kinds of nonresponse may cause incomplete data files: unit nonresponse (complete nonresponse) and item nonresponse (partial nonresponse). The selectivity of the unit ...
The following four new calculation schemes were implemented and validated through numerical experiments. A surface layer turbulence scheme using a new calculation formula that eliminates the ...
ABSTRACT There is randomness in both the applied loads and the strength of systems. Therefore, to account for the uncertainty, the safety of the system must be quantified using its reliability. Monte ...
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