Have you ever thought about how and why something was designed? Who was considered a “stakeholder” for the design? And what biases are baked within the process of designing something? These are some ...

Process design kits consist of a set of files that typically contain descriptions of the basic building blocks of the process. They are expressed, algorithmically, as Pcells. These descriptions are ...

Systems-level thinking is an important practice, but accounting for system boundary expansion is a complex and timely challenge. Systems-level thinking provides an integrated approach to developing, ...

Once upon a time, integrated circuits (ICs) were built by the same companies that designed them. The design of an IC was tightly integrated with the manufacturing processes available within each ...

The profession of lighting design is a relatively young discipline among the building design and construction fields. Although lighting has certainly been an integral component of the built ...

It is important that engineers document the design process so that they can communicate it to others and ensure no information is lost. It is also critical for convincing decision-makers to approve ...

Creating a successful product involves a series of planned steps, each contributing to a well designed outcome. From initial ideas to final evaluation, every stage builds on the last, ensuring the ...