The three-terminal TL431 voltage regulator is commonly found in switching power converters and instrumentation as a voltage reference. It is seemingly simple, yet has subtleties, including missing ...

The first thing I ever built without a kit was a 5 V regulated power supply using the old LM309K. That’s a classic linear regulator like a 7805. While they are simple, they waste a lot of energy as ...

[Kevin Darrah] wanted to make a simple 3.3V regulator without using an integrated circuit. He wound up using two common NPN transistors and 4 1K resistors. The circuit isn’t going to beat out a cheap ...

Download this article in PDF format. Analog semiconductor companies release buck-regulator chips so often you might think nothing of it. Yet there’s an enormous amount of work that goes into getting ...

This file type includes high-resolution graphics and schematics when applicable. Did you know that your shunt regulator is in danger? Don’t worry—the fix is free (and free is good). A feedback circuit ...

In this part, we go to greater depths to look at TL431 dynamics. Adjust your air regulator for the deeper dive. What is seen in the data sheet plots of gain and output resistance for some ...