The Human-Rated Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (HLVM3) is a specialised variant of the Indian Space Research Organisation’s heavy-lift launcher originally designated Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3) and formerly known as GSLV Mk III. HLVM3 is engineered to meet stringent human spaceflight requirements for India’s Gaganyaan programme, incorporating enhanced reliability, redundancy, and safety systems beyond the standard LVM3 configuration to support crewed missions. Derived from the three-stage LVM3 architect

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