What Happened on the Day of Pentecost? On the day of Pentecost, as described in the Bible, the Holy Spirit descended upon the gathered followers of Jesus in Jerusalem, marking the beginning of the Christian church. This event is often referred to as the "birthday of the Church". The event took place in Jerusalem, fifty days after Jesus' resurrection, during the Jewish festival of Shavuot (also known as the Feast of Weeks). A sound like a mighty rushing wind filled the house where the believers w